पाउलोनिया
परिचय
पाउलोनिया एक संसँरमै सबैभन्दा छिटो बढ्ने बहुगुणी बनस्पती हो । यो प्रजातिको उत्पति चिनबाट भएकोे मानिन्छ । अहिले पाउलोनिया एशिया तथा युरोपका देशहरुमा बृहत रुपमा खेती भईरहेको पाईन्छ ।
पाउलोनियालाई महारानी वृक्ष पनि भनिन्छ । चिनिया परम्परामा पाउलोनिया छोरी जन्मेको उपलक्ष्यमा वृक्षारोपण गर्ने गरिन्छ र पछि छोरीको विवाहमा त्यही रुख काटेर उनिरुहको नयाँ परिवारका लागि फर्निचर लगायतका वस्तुहरु दाईजो दिन प्रयोग गरिन्छ । काठ उत्पादनका लागि यो रुख अत्यन्तै उपयोगी छ ।
पाउलोनिया रुख धेरै छिटो बढ्ने, डाले घाँस, पतकर र वायु प्रदूषण कम गर्न भूक्षय रोक्न मद्दत गर्ने बहुउपयोरगी, पतझड जातको रुख हो ।, रोपेको एक बर्षमानै लगभग १०–१५ फिट अग्लो हुन्छ । यो रुखको फुल बाट निस्कने मगमग बास्ना र प्रसस्त रस माहुरीको लागि अति उपयोगी हुन्छ ।
पाउलोनियाका धेरै प्रजातिहरु मध्ये टोमेन्टोसा प्रजाति नेपालमा धेरै उपयोगि हुन्छ यो १००० देखि २१०० मिटर सम्मको उचाइ क्षेत्रमा राम्रो हुन्छ तर नेपालको तराई क्षेत्रमा पनि सफल परिक्षण भैसकेको छ । यो बिभिन्न हावापानीमा हुर्कने भएकोले नेपालमा यसलाई तराई देखि मध्यपहाडी क्षेत्रमा बृक्षारोपण गर्न सकिन्छ । राम्रो मुना पलाउने यो रुख लाई एक पटक रोपेपछि फेरि पटक पटक रोपिराख्न पर्दैन यो रुखलाई काट्यो भने फेरि एक बर्षमानै १५–२० फिट सम्म अग्लो हुन्छ । नेपालको इसिमोडले गोदावरीको वागवानि प्रदशनिमा पाउलोनिया टोमेन्टोसाको सफल परिक्षण गरिसकेकाछन् । २० बर्ष अगाडी लगाएको यो रुख अहिले ६०–७० फिट अग्लो र लगभग ६–७ फिट गोलाइको भैसकेको छ ।
यो बहु उपयोगी गुण भएको रुख हो यो काठ पानीमा धेरै वर्ष सम्म नकुहिने भएकोले जहाज, पानडुपि, डु¨ा, ग्लईडर, नहर बनाउन, अरु काठ भन्दा हलुका हुने भएकोले वोइ¨ जहाज बनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ । पाउलोनियाको काठ बिभिन्न डिजाईनका र्फिर्नचर, वाद्यवादन मासामान, खेलौना, भवन, प्लाइउड र अन्य प्रयोजनका लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ ।
बाढी पैरो बाट बच्नको लागि र वातावरण सम्रक्षण गर्न पनि यो रुख लगाईन्छ
Paulownia seeds 1000 cost 1000/- (1seeds =1Rs.only)
3” to 6” Poulownia plant
Per plant rate 125/-
Paulownia tree 5 feet guarantee per plant price 500/-
कारणबस विरुवा मरेर गयो भने सो ठाउँमा अर्को विरुवा प्रदान गरिनेछ अर्को २ पटक सम्म पनि विरुवा बढेन भने सो विरुवाको पैसा लाग्ने छैन ।
If paid 1000/- per plant we plant it and guaranty 20000/- after 10 year
पउलोनिया रुखको वारेमा शंका लाग्छ, यो विरुवा भने जस्तो बढ्छकि बढ्दैन, पछि यो काठ कसैले किन्दीएला कि नकिन्ला जस्तो लाग्छ भने प्रति विरुवा रु १००० को दरले खरिद गर्नुभयो भने प्रति रुख १० वर्षमा रु..20000 .......
Requirements for growing Paulownia
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR GROWING PAULOWNIA
- Temperature and altitude
- Paulownia can adapt to a wide range of temperatures. Generally Paulownia species grow up to 2000m. The development starts in the spring, when the soil temperature reaches 15-16оС. Intensive cultivation of Paulownia is optimal up to 700-800m and the optimal temperatures suitable for maximal growth are in the range of 24-33оC.
- Soils
- Paulownia is highly adaptive species and grows well on many types of soils. Most appropriate and recommended are light, well drained and sandy soils with or without slopes. Most recommended are deep well drained soils with pH from 5.0 to 8.9.Avoid clay, rocky and soaked soils. Soils that are consisted from over 25% of clay and porosity under 50% are not recommended for Paulownia. Paulownia does not tolerate salinity over 1%. Young Paulownia plants develop well, when the soil depth is at least 1.5-2 meters.
- Rainfalls
- Soil and air humidity are very important for Paulownia growing. Additional watering is necessary if the annual rainfall drop under 100mm per month. In comparison 10mm of rain delivers 10 liters of water. Watering is needed in the following years if the monthly rainfall is under 50mm. Insufficient watering slows the growth but does not kill the plant.For optimal growth during the first months of development is crucially important to water them with 20l per plant weekly. The quantity is good to be divided in two equal times and added by drip irrigation system. The establishment of drip irrigation is recommended technology when develop commercial plantation for Paulownia.
- Wind
- Plantation is good to be planted at areas without strong winds reaching over 28km/h. When there are stronger winds at the place of planting stabilizing post has to be put during the first year of development until they form strong wooden stem. The speed of the wind is dangerous for the young plants over 45km/h and such areas have to be avoided.
COMMON CONDITIONS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF PAULOWNIA PLANTATION
- Site preparation
- Usually Paulownia is planted during spring and mid-summer in dependence of the development stage of the planting material /one year old saplings or young planting material/ and prefers horizontal or south orientated slopes. As all young trees, Paulownia plants should be well protected from herbivorous animals.Site preparation operations will depend on the roughness and vegetation of the planting site. Old fields and meadows typically require herbicide treatment to control weeds and brush. When the weeds are strong early in spring an herbicide treatment has to be applied carefully to avoid contact with the tree stem…more
- Machinery cultivation prior planting
- If the fields are not explored for agriculture and the soil is not cultivated it is absolutely necessary to plough it deeply (minimum 40-60cm). The purpose is to fragment it in small pieces and to uproot the old grasses and bushes. If the soil is heavier and with clay you have to plough deeply up to 80cm.After plough the land have to be leveled up with harrow. After that operation the land is considered ready for furrow and marking and making of holes for planting.In dependence of the soil quality defined from the preliminary soil analyses at the place of planting the soil is enriched with manure or different fertilizers.
PLANTING SCHEMES AND DENSITY
- Paulownia for timber production
- When creating a plantation for timber we recommend the planting scheme with 4х4, 5х5 meters or 5х4 m between the trees which means 500 or 600 trees per hectare.
Larger density leads to competition for area between the trees and slower their growth after the first 3-4 years. Lower density leads to faster initial growth which lowers the timber quality. Higher density does not lead to commercial effect, the necessity of elimination of plants is connected with expenses for eradication and herbicide treatment to stop the regeneration from the roots and in the end the 3-4 years old stems does not possess enough volume to be used for timber. - Paulownia for biomass
- For effective yields we recommend the trees to be planted with higher density than the one used for timber production. The density should be between 3500 and 10 000 plants per hectare which depends on the rotation cycles of for the biomass collection strongly linked with the purposes of the biomass (pellets, chips, bioethanol, fodder) and the harvest machines…more
KEY FACTORS
- Soil analyses to define the clay content and microelements and to evaluate how suitable it is for growing Paulownia and how to be cultivated to establish highly effective plantation;
- Land cultivation is critical for adaptation of the saplings at the site and to ensure sufficient growth;
- Weed control is the most important aspect from the preparation of the land for planting;
- Irrigation is an advantage if summer rainfalls are insufficient
